锂电池是一类由锂金属或锂合金为负极材料、使用非水电解质溶液的电池。锂离子电池以碳素材料为负极，以含锂的化合物为正极，根据正极化合物不同，常见的锂离子电池有钴酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸铁锂、三元锂等。
Lithium battery is a type of battery that uses lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte solution. Lithium-ion batteries use carbon materials as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode. According to the positive electrode compound, common lithium-ion batteries are divided into lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, and ternary lithium.
So what are the advantages and disadvantages of batteries made of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel oxide, ternary materials, lithium iron phosphate, etc.?
1
Lithium cobalt oxide battery
Advantages: lithium cobalt oxide has the advantages of high discharge platform, high specific capacity, good cycle performance, and simple synthesis process.
Disadvantages: Lithium cobalt oxide material contains highly toxic cobalt element, and the price is high, so it is difficult to guarantee the safety when making large-scale power batteries.
2
Lithium iron phosphate battery
Advantages: lithium iron phosphate does not contain harmful elements, low cost, very safe, and the cycle life can reach 10,000 times.
Disadvantages: The energy density of lithium iron phosphate batteries is lower than that of lithium cobalt oxide and ternary batteries.
3
Ternary lithium battery
Advantages: Ternary materials can be balanced and regulated in terms of specific energy, cycle performance, safety and cost.
Disadvantages: Ternary materials have poor thermal stability. For example, NCM11 material decomposes at about 300°C, while NCM811 decomposes at about 220°C.
4
Lithium manganese oxide battery
Advantages: low cost, good safety and low temperature performance of lithium manganese oxide.
Disadvantages: Lithium manganate is not very stable, and it is easy to decompose and produce gas.
5
Lithium Nickel Oxide Battery
Advantages: Lithium nickelate has the advantages of high specific capacity, low pollution, moderate price, and good matching with electrolyte.
Disadvantages: The synthesis of lithium nickelate is difficult and the cycle stability is poor.
The weight of a lithium-ion battery is half that of a nickel-cadmium or nickel-metal hydride battery of the same capacity; the operating voltage of a single lithium-ion battery is 3.7V, which is equivalent to three series-connected nickel-cadmium or nickel-hydrogen batteries; lithium-ion batteries do not contain Lithium metal and is not subject to the restrictions on the prohibition of carrying lithium batteries on passenger planes.